Understanding Tech governance, policy regulation in Uganda and what the future holds
Tech governance and policy regulation encompass the frameworks, rules, and practices designed to guide the development, deployment, and use of technology. These mechanisms ensure that technological advancements align with societal values, laws, and ethical standards.
The overarching goal of tech governance and policy regulation is to strike a balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding public interests. This ensures that technology benefits society while minimizing risks and negative impacts.
In Uganda, tech governance and policy regulation address various facets of technology use, including data privacy, cybersecurity, and ICT development.
For example, the National Information Technology Authority (NITA-U) was established by the government to oversee IT policy development and implementation, manage IT projects, provide guidance on IT governance, and ensure adherence to national IT standards.
Similarly, the Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) was created in 1997 to regulate sectors such as telecommunications, data communications, broadcasting, postal services, radio communication, and infrastructure. The UCC is responsible for issuing licenses, monitoring service providers, and enforcing compliance with regulations.
To address issues related to computer misuse and electronic transactions, the government enacted the Computer Misuse Act. This law criminalizes unauthorized access, cyber harassment, and the dissemination of false information.
In addition, the Data Protection and Privacy Act of 2019 was introduced to regulate the collection, processing, and storage of personal data, aiming to protect individuals’ privacy.
These regulations and others reflect Uganda’s efforts to harness the benefits of technology while addressing associated challenges.
**The Role of User Consent in Tech Regulation: Terms, Conditions, and Cookies**
When setting up new devices or software, users frequently encounter prompts to accept terms and conditions or cookie policies. These practices are part of tech governance and policy regulations. By agreeing, users consent to the terms of data collection, processing, and storage.
Eng. Irene Kaggwa, former Executive Director of the UCC, emphasizes the importance of being cautious with data protection. She notes that while regulations like the Data Protection Act aim to safeguard personal information, users must still be vigilant about their data. “Even if the regulation is there, users need to be mindful about what they consent to. Sometimes, it’s unclear why an app needs access to certain information, like why a camera app might request access to your contacts,” she says.
Eng. Kaggwa also points out that regulation should prioritize consumer interests, including ensuring that consumers have meaningful choices. “It’s crucial for consumers to understand what they’re agreeing to when they accept terms and conditions. Whether it’s domestic or global regulation, it’s about protecting consumers and making sure they have choices,” she adds.
Terms and conditions are a global issue, and navigating the complexities of international digital services can be challenging. For instance, if a company based in one country provides services in another, resolving disputes can be difficult. This highlights the challenges posed by the internet’s borderless nature.
If a company is incorporated in Uganda, local authorities can address issues more straightforwardly. However, if the company operates internationally, addressing complaints becomes more complex. Fraud is a common problem, often perpetrated by individuals in different countries, which complicates the pursuit of justice.
**Global Efforts: The Global Digital Compact (GDC)**
An ongoing initiative under the United Nations, the Global Digital Compact (GDC), aims to establish an international framework for digital governance. This proposed compact seeks to create a shared vision for the use of digital technologies, ensuring they contribute positively to global public good while managing associated risks.
The GDC is being developed through a multi-stakeholder approach, involving governments, international organizations, the private sector, civil society, and academia. This inclusive process ensures that the compact addresses diverse perspectives and interests, reflecting the needs and concerns of all societal sectors.
**Looking Forward: Uganda’s Digital Transformation**
Uganda’s transition from an analog to a digital society has been profound. In the past, communication relied on landlines and postal services, transactions were conducted in cash, and information dissemination was limited to newspapers, radio, and face-to-face interactions.
Technological advancements have dramatically transformed this landscape. Mobile money services like MTN Mobile Money and Airtel Money have revolutionized financial transactions, while digital communication platforms have become widespread. E-commerce has grown significantly, enabling businesses to reach broader markets and consumers to shop online.
Eng. Kaggwa reflects on this transformation: “I’ve been in this sector for many years, and the growth has been remarkable. From the early days of e-commerce to the widespread use of mobile money, the digital landscape has evolved rapidly. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital solutions, as people realized the benefits of online transactions and remote services.”
This shift towards digital solutions has enhanced access to information, streamlined operations, and fostered connectivity, marking a significant departure from Uganda’s analog past.
Uganda’s journey underscores the crucial role of tech governance and policy regulation. By establishing institutions like NITA-U and the UCC and enacting laws such as the Computer Misuse Act and the Data Protection and Privacy Act, the government has effectively balanced innovation with protection. These efforts ensure that technology serves the public good, enhances connectivity, and addresses challenges in a rapidly evolving digital world.